The Shallow Structure of the Jalisco Block (Western Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt) Inferred from Aeromagnetic Data—Implications for Mineral Deposits

The complex geology of southwestern Mexico results from prolonged interaction between the North American and Farallon plates along an active subduction zone. This process led to crustal growth via oceanic lithosphere consumption, island arc accretion and batholith exhumation, forming great geological features like the Guerrero composite terrane. On the other hand, the Zihuatanejo subterrane, evolved into the Jalisco Block is now bounded by major grabens. Aeromagnetic data from the Mexican Geological Service (1962–2016) were used to map geological structures and contribute to the mineral exploration. Advanced magnetic processing and 3D modeling (VOXI Magnetic Vector Inversion) revealed the Jalisco Block’s complex structure, including Triassic basement, Jurassic–Cretaceous volcanics, and plutonic bodies such as the Puerto Vallarta batholith. Magnetic anomalies are related to intrusive bodies and mineralized zones, notably Peña Colorada (Fe), El Barqueño (Au), and La Huerta. Iron deposits are linked to intrusive volcanic–sedimentary contacts, while gold aligns with intrusive zones and observed magnetic maxima. A notable NW–SE magnetic low at 20 km depth suggests a reactivated back-arc basin and crustal fracture zone. These findings underscore aeromagnetic surveys’ value in both mineral exploration and geological interpretation.