Endometrial Cancer: Advances in Diagnosis and Future Perspectives

Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynecological neoplasms in developed countries, with an increasing incidence attributed mainly to obesity.Although usually diagnosed at an early stage, the biological heterogeneity of the disease poses increasing challenges to clinical practice.Traditionally classified into two histological types, EC has come to be understood from a more precise molecular perspective with the introduction of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) classification, which identifies four molecular subgroups with distinct prognostic and therapeutic implications.This study, through a narrative review of recent literature, analyzes advances in the diagnosis of EC, including the use of molecular biomarkers, imaging tests (such as transvaginal ultrasound and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging), and substitute immunohistochemical markers.The importance of molecular stratification for personalized therapeutic decisions is highlighted, especially in young patients with preserved reproductive desire.The feasibility of the genomic approach in clinical practice, through accessible techniques, represents a decisive step towards precision medicine.