Psychometric Evaluation the Malay Version of the Resilience Scale 25 among University Students

Resilience at the individual level involves a person's capacity to navigate challenges, overcome obstacles, and withstand pressure from adverse situations while maintaining their integrity. It plays a significant role in students' education by helping them cope with academic and social challenges. The Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale (RS) is a tool used to study resilience, and has been translated into multiple languages from its original English version. This study sought to validate the Malay version of the RS, confirming its cross-cultural applicability. In this study, a total of 331 Malaysian undergraduate students participated, comprising 98 males (29.6%) and 233 females (70.4%). Data was collected via an online survey distributed through social media platforms such as WhatsApp, Telegram, and Facebook. Participants were recruited using snowball sampling. The results showed high reliability with Cronbach's alpha values ranging from .68 to .87. Item analysis revealed significant correlations within subscales, supporting construct validity. Convergent validity was confirmed by positive correlations between RS dimensions (r = .64 to .86). Concurrent validity was established through positive correlations with the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS) score (r = .49 to .59). Factor analysis identified two distinct factors that validated the RS's construct structure, while the items of RS and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) were run together. JEL Codes: I12, I23, C83 Keywords: Resilience Scale, reliability, validity, item analysis, factor analysis.