Wave Monitoring Along Nearshore (WAMAN) Buoy Network: Best Practices and Applications in Sea State Monitoring and Forecasting for the Indian Ocean

Abstract Accurate ocean state monitoring and forecasting are vital for safe navigation and coastal operations, especially in Indian Ocean countries with emerging blue economies. Ocean surface waves are vital for ensuring safe and efficient maritime operations. However, the lack of long-term observations hindered wave forecasting for Indian coastal waters. To address this challenge, the Earth System Science Organization–Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (ESSO–INCOIS) established a real-time, fit-for-purpose Wave Monitoring Along Nearshore (WAMAN) buoy network along the coastal waters of India and Seychelles. Establishing a real-time monitoring network in a culturally, socially, economically, and linguistically diverse coast presented significant challenges using traditional methods. Hence, INCOIS adopted a novel approach, translating scientific knowledge into customized ocean services for coastal communities through “community-owned” sustained ocean observations. Since 2007, this approach has helped to successfully operate a network of 16 wave buoys along the Indian and Seychelles coasts for operational wave forecasting, early warning for high waves, and storm/swell surges. Although the primary goal was to enhance monitoring and forecasting capabilities, the network has also significantly advanced wave research in India and contributed to many new insights in terms of scientific publications. The positive impact of this initiative highlights the critical role of localized and community-driven strategies in enhancing oceanographic observations and services, paving the way for more resilient, informed, and replicable coastal observation management practices. Significant Statement Ocean surface waves pose a significant threat to maritime safety. Yet, an operational wave forecasting for the Indian coastal waters was challenging until recently due to lack of sustained wave observation network. Vandalism was the major factor that restricted setting up coastal observatories. The establishment of a wave monitoring network with real-time data transmission in culturally, socially, economically, and linguistically diverse coastal regions of India with the support of coastal communities is achieved. Our experience suggests that a community-owned approach ensures the safety of the network and enhances the reach of services to all blue economy stakeholders. We also suggest that global ocean observing strategies should be driven by operational needs while incorporating solid scientific objectives for their sustainability, utilization, and ensuring funding.