Biochemical parameters of Gynura procumbens Lour. on different types of culture in vitro media

Flavonoids, phenolic compounds, chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanins are vital secondary metabolites in plants, contributing to their growth, adaptation to environmental stressors, and medicinal properties. This study investigates the effects of different phytohormone concentrations on the biochemical composition of Gynura procumbens cultivated in vitro. Flavonoid content varied significantly among groups, with the highest levels observed in plants grown on medium supplemented with NAA at 2 mg/L, demonstrating a 70-90% increase compared to other treatments. Similarly, phenolic compounds were elevated by 28-31% under the same conditions, indicating improved plant resilience under stress. Chlorophyll a and b levels remained statistically consistent across groups, reflecting stable photosynthetic potential irrespective of phytohormone concentration. However, carotenoid synthesis peaked in plants grown on medium containing 2 mg/L BAP and 0.1 mg/L IAA, showing increases of 36-66% compared to other treatments. Anthocyanin content exhibited no significant variation between groups. These findings highlight the potential to optimize phytohormone concentrations in vitro to enhance specific phytochemical yields in Gynura procumbens, a plant with promising therapeutic applications.