Trustworthy Learning Analytics for Smart Learning Ecosystems

Even though the benefits of learning analytics (LA) have been recognized in research, there are still challenges to its more widespread adoption, which could contribute to the development of smart learning ecosystems beyond 2030. Trustworthiness of LA is an aspect which could play an important role in the adoption of LA, especially in the artificial intelligence (AI) era. Different dimensions of trustworthiness of LA have been researched, but the framework is still fuzzy. We conducted a scoping literature review to provide more clarity, and in this paper, we presented an overview of theoretical considerations and dimensions of trustworthiness of LA. We grouped the identified dimensions into social and technological aspects, and pointed to horizontal dimensions related to both. These dimensions were used as the basis for a comprehensive definition of the trustworthiness of LA. Finally, we identified the challenges and open questions related to using LA to support smart learning ecosystems.