Artificial Intelligence, A New Engine for ESG Performance

In the past decade, AI has become a major catalyst for enhancing corporate ESG performance and realizing social value. Drawing on data from Chinese A-share listed companies (2010–2022) and theories like resource-based view, information processing, and internal control, this study examines how AI application boosts ESG outcomes. The findings show that AI substantially improves ESG performance, especially in companies with stronger digital infrastructure and operational capabilities. Heterogeneity analysis indicates AI most significantly elevates social responsibility (S), followed by governance (G), while its effect on environmental (E) performance is weaker. The impact is also more pronounced in non-manufacturing and private enterprises. These results offer guidance for companies integrating AI into ESG strategies and for policymakers seeking to align AI initiatives with sustainable development goals and differentiated policies.