Beyond Belief: A Mixed-Methods Analysis Of The Knowledge-Practice Gap In The Use Of Rosemary Oil For Inflammation Among Libyan Women

Background: In an era of rising interest in traditional medicine, a significant gap often separates the scientific validation of botanical remedies from their practical application. This study investigates this gap through the lens of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) oil, a compound with proven anti-inflammatory properties, within the culturally rich context of Tajura, Libya. Methods: We employed a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design (QUAN→qual). A quantitative survey (N=300) assessed knowledge, attitudes, and constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). These statistical findings were then explained through thematic analysis of 22 in-depth interviews. Results: A profound knowledge deficit was identified: while 82% of women were aware of the rosemary plant, only 13% knew of its specific anti-inflammatory application, a finding strongly correlated with higher education (p<.001). The intention to use the oil was significantly predicted by positive Attitude (OR=3.49), Subjective Norms (OR=2.43), and Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) (OR=1.95). However, qualitative analysis revealed that low PBC is the critical barrier preventing the translation of belief into practice. This low control is driven by two factors: (1) a deficit in procedural "how-to" knowledge (dosage, preparation) and (2) a pervasive distrust in the authenticity of commercial products. Conclusion: Positive attitudes and cultural reverence for traditional remedies are insufficient to ensure their effective therapeutic use. The primary obstacle is a lack of actionable knowledge that undermines women's self-efficacy. To be effective, public health initiatives must evolve beyond awareness campaigns to actively build community confidence through practical, culturally competent, and evidence-based guidance.