Biotechnological And Genetic Strategies for Enhancing Seed Quality and Vigor: Advances, Applications, And Future Prospects

This review explores the latest advances in biotechnological and genetic interventions aimed at improving seed quality and vigor, critical determinants of crop establishment, yield, and resilience. It examines molecular breeding, transgenic approaches, genome editing, seed priming technologies, and omics-based innovations that contribute to improved germination, stress tolerance, and storage longevity. The review also discusses the integration of advanced phenotyping, seed microbiome engineering, and precision agriculture in seed improvement programs. Challenges, regulatory considerations, and future directions are highlighted to provide a comprehensive perspective on the role of modern biotechnology in ensuring global food security.