Replication of the GWAS-Identified GALNT13 rs10196189 Polymorphism in Relation to Speed–Power Elite Active Athlete Status and Multidimensional Phenotypic Differences in Chinese Han Males: A Pilot Study

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Previous multi-ethnic genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified the GALNT13 rs10196189 polymorphism as a potential genetic marker linked to sprint-power performance. However, its relevance in East Asian populations, particularly the Han Chinese, remains untested. This study aimed to replicate the association of rs10196189 with elite sprint-power athlete status in Han Chinese males and examine its potential influence on physical performance traits and tissue-specific gene regulation. <b>Methods</b>: A total of 188 healthy Han Chinese males (49 elite sprint-power athletes and 139 non-athletic controls) were genotyped using the TaqMan assay. Assessments included strength, sprint, jump, anaerobic power, DXA-derived body composition, and muscle ultrasound. Logistic regression and ROC analyses evaluated the predictive value of rs10196189. Linear regression models adjusted for age and BMI tested genotype-phenotype associations. Tissue expression and functional networks were analyzed using GTEx and HumanBase databases. <b>Results</b>: The G allele frequency was significantly higher in athletes (12.2%) than in controls (5.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.042). Dominant and additive models effectively predicted athlete status (OR = 2.53-2.58, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Although most traits showed no significant associations post-correction, medial gastrocnemius thickness showed a nominal association (β = 0.371, <i>p</i> = 0.011). Functional analyses revealed high GALNT13 expression in brain tissue and co-expression networks enriched in synaptic signaling and glycosylation pathways. <b>Conclusions</b>: This is the first study to validate the association of GALNT13 rs10196189 with elite athletic status in Han Chinese males. Findings provide novel population-specific evidence and propose tissue-specific glycosylation and neural mechanisms as pathways linking this variant to sprint-power phenotypes.