Optimization of Gradient Carbonization Process and Performance of Bamboo Based on Wax Oil Media

In order to meet the industrial demand for improving the durability and high-value utilization of bamboo materials, this study constructed a gradient carbonization technology system based on wax-oil medium. Firstly, synergistic optimization was achieved by the three-stage process design of “pretreatment-gradient heating-insulation”. The process constructed a weather-resistant barrier on the surface of bamboo and maintained the mechanical properties of the internal fibers. Secondly, the closed wax oil recycling system realizes efficient recovery of media and low emission of pollutants, which greatly improves the environmental friendliness of the treatment process. Finally, the gradient heating strategy for the anatomical heterogeneity of bamboo effectively regulated the pyrolysis reaction and improved the uniformity and structural stability of carbonization. This study breaks through the limitations of traditional single carbonization thermal modification and innovatively proposes a synergistic modification mechanism of “composite medium function, gradient process regulation, and structural design bionics”, which provides an efficient and environmentally friendly technological path for the long-term application of bamboo materials.