A review of low-level laser therapy application in sports physical therapy

ABSTRACT Background: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), commonly referred to as photobiomodulation (PBM), is a noninvasive therapeutic approach that employs low-intensity light to facilitate healing and recovery. It is acknowledged for its efficacy in numerous rehabilitation environments, especially in mitigating pain, decreasing inflammation, and promoting tissue repair. Objective: The purpose of this review is to clarify the fundamental mechanisms of LLLT, assess its clinical uses in rehabilitation and sports medicine, scrutinize suggested treatment parameters and dosages, and investigate its effectiveness throughout various stages of sports rehabilitation. Methods: An extensive literature review was performed utilizing databases such as PubMed, PEDro, Google Scholar, and SPORTDiscus. The search was confined to English-language peer-reviewed articles published between January 2000 and the end of May 2025. The keywords employed included “Low-Level Laser Therapy,” “LLLT,” “rehabilitation,” and “sports.” The inclusion criteria were centered on studies pertinent to LLLT in the context of sports rehabilitation. Conclusion: LLLT presents considerable benefits for improving recovery from sports-related injuries and a range of musculoskeletal disorders. Although its advantages are clear, the inconsistency in research outcomes calls for additional exploration into optimal treatment protocols and parameters. Understanding contraindications and possible side effects is crucial for safe implementation in clinical settings. Future studies should aim for standardization and rigorous study designs to confirm the effectiveness of LLLT across various rehabilitation scenarios.