Grouping of lands according to the degree of erosion and the engineering of anti-erosion measures

The paper presents the results of grouping the lands of the Educational and Experimental Soil and Ecological Center of Lomonosov Moscow State University "Chashnikovo" territory according to the degree of erosion and the need for anti-erosion measures. The work uses an express method of mapping the studied territory using a 1:5,000 scale topographic base, a soil map and an on-farm land management plan. The grouping of the lands of the territory was carried out for the territories of field crop rotations № 1 and 2. It has been established that the lands of the second (46.3%) and third (38.1%) categories of erosion hazard predominate in the territory of crop rotation № 1 (total area 75.6 hectares). An analysis of the land distribution of field crop rotation № 2 (area 67.2 ha) showed that the land categories were distributed as follows: the first — 37.5%, the second — 26.5% and the third — 29.3%. The main recommendations for the rational use of crop rotation areas are given, taking into account the application of anti-erosion measures on lands of 4 categories. No special anti-erosion measures are required in the territories assigned to the first category of Class "A" lands. On lands of the second category, preventive measures are needed to reduce surface runoff and soil drainage (carrying out basic and auxiliary soil treatments across the slope or close to the horizontal). Lands of the third category — it is necessary to carry out a complex of anti-erosion measures aimed at reducing surface runoff and soil washout (contour plowing, soil deepening, formation of artificial microrelief). On lands of the fourth category of erosion hazard, the introduction of a soil-protective crop rotation is required, in which row crops are excluded. The share of perennial grasses (2/3 of the area) and grain crops (1/3 of the area) is increasing. Increased doses of fertilizers are required on lands of the third and fourth categories. The doses are increased for lands of the 3rd category by 15%, 4 — by 30% compared to the doses for the 2nd category.