Design of a Novel Multiband Fractal Antenna with Star Shaped Patch

This research work puts emphasis on the designing of a unique multiband fractal antenna. The fractal shape has been realized using the various iterations of star-shape. The designing has been done on FR4 substrate with Ansys HFSS 15.0. The proposed quad-band antenna has been analysed in terms of scattering parameter (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathrm{S}_{11}$</tex>) and radiation patterns (E-plane and H-plane). The proposed antenna is novel in the respect that it has a unique fractal shape and it exhibits an appreciable amount of peak gain (having mean value close to 6 dB) considering the size of the antenna. This considerable amount of gain is attributed to the methodology of the proposed work that includes the optimization of the dimensions of the fractal geometry. The current distribution through the antenna has also been analysed with the plot of surface current distribution at the various resonant frequencies. A star shaped geometry has been chosen to yield the improved bandwidth. The designed antenna is compact in size (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$25 \times 25 \times 1.6 \text{mm}^{3}$</tex>). It is quite useful in the various microwave band applications like C-band, Ku-band and K-band.