Green Computing: Current Research Trends for Sustainability and Energy Efficiency

“Green computing” encompasses the design, operation, maintenance, and disposal of technological resources in an environmentally sustainable manner. It emphasizes energyefficient technologies, reducing hazardous materials, minimizing waste, and lowering the ecological footprint of computing systems without compromising performance. By adopting green computing strategies, organizations can reduce carbon emissions and operational costs while advancing global sustainability objectives. The growing reliance on computing resources plays a pivotal role in addressing climate change, supporting the UNFCCC's efforts through enhanced research, monitoring, and policy formulation. This paper explores key advancements in green computing, with a focus on energy-efficient infrastructures, renewable energy integration, and sustainable practices in ICT. It presents a framework for green fog computing in smart agriculture, emphasizing the use of low-power devices and renewable energy sources to minimize environmental impact, thereby aligning green computing with sustainable development goals.