Frequency and Radiation Pattern Diversified Microstrip Antenna Integrated with PIN Diode for Emerging Microwave Applications

The proposed compound reconfigurable antenna utilises a compact rectangular patch pattern printed on an FR-4 substrate with dimensions of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$23 ~\text{mm} \times 31 ~\text{mm}$</tex>, demonstrating a highly efficient design. The incorporation of three PIN diodes enables pattern and frequency reconfiguration. By strategically altering the states of these diodes, the antenna can switch between operational modes: Single-band Mode: Operating at 4.8 GHz and, Dual-band Mode: Concurrent operation at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{4. 8 ~ G H z}$</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{7. 8}$</tex> GHz. Moreover, the design supports beam reconfigurability, allowing the beam direction to be fixed to one of four distinct segments along with the frequency reconfigurability. This flexibility enhances its suitability for dynamic wireless environments. The compactness, reduced complexity, and high performance of the design make it unique and novel in design. It is suitable for various applications such as Wi-Fi, WiMAX, UWB systems, smart radio, IoT, and healthcare.