LULC Based Damage Assessment of Flood using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2: Case Study of Brahmani-Baitarani

Flooding is one of the most destructive natural disasters which cause social, economic and environmental losses globally. Flood extent delineation and damage assessment effectiveness is critical to the overall damage assessment process. This study uniquely contributes by leveraging Sentinel-1 radar and Sentinel-2 NDVI data for flood mapping, combining their complementary strengths: Sentinel-1 excels in detecting waterlogged areas under cloud cover, while Sentinel-2 provides detailed surface water assessments. Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) data are integrated to assess damage to croplands and built-up areas. Applied to the Brahmani-Baitarani River Basin, a highly flood-prone region, the methodology reveals approximately 3 million hectares of flood-affected areas, with significant impacts on agricultural yields and urban infrastructure. The findings emphasize the detailed spatial distribution of flood impacts, aiding in disaster planning and resource allocation. This assessment yields practical information for use in practice including incident response, strengthening and enhanced policy development.