A Novel Multiband Reconfigurable Hexagonal Microstrip Antenna

This paper is focussed on the designing and analysis of a novel hexagonal reconfigurable patch antenna. The proposed multiband reconfigurable microstrip antenna is developed on FR4 substrate. The designed antenna is made reconfigurable using ‘ON’ and ‘OFF’ state of two PIN diodes that allow the proposed antenna to function in four different states. The antenna has been found to be operating in quad-band for all the four states. The proposed antenna is novel in the sense that it has a novel geometry and it operates in four bands for all the four configurations. The detailed analysis has been conducted to evaluate the antenna's scattering loss (<tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathrm{S}_{11}$</tex>) characteristics. Further the radiation patterns are found to be stable for all the resonant frequencies. The gain of the suggested antenna has been found to be considerable. The antenna is compact with the dimensions of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$22 \times 22 \times 1.6 \text{mm}^{3}$</tex>. It is found to be suitable in the applications like 5 G, microwave links, radar systems and satellite communication.