Ubiquitous Health Management and Smart Sterilization in Crowds

Managing public health in large gatherings, such as Hajj and Umrah, presents significant challenges due to the high risk of infectious disease transmission, medical emergencies, and logistical constraints. This study proposes a comprehensive smart health management framework that integrates advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and smart disinfection drones, to enhance public safety in crowded environments. The proposed system enables real-time health monitoring, early detection of high-risk zones, and rapid emergency response. A key innovation is an AI-driven algorithm that dynamically determines disinfection needs based on crowd density, environmental conditions, and individual health metrics, ensuring efficient and targeted sterilization. By leveraging digital identity verification, wearable sensors, predictive analytics, and drone-based interventions, the framework aims to minimize health risks and improve overall crowd management. The findings indicate that this approach can significantly reduce infection spread and enhance emergency response capabilities. This research contributes to the growing field of digital health by offering a scalable and intelligent solution for managing public health in mass gatherings, with potential applications in global event management and pandemic preparedness.