Integrated Framework of Blockchain Technology and Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Supply Chain Optimization

Growing complexities in global supply chains, driven by heightened consumer expectations for traceability and ethical sourcing, pose significant challenges to verifying sustainable practices. In response, blockchain technology has gained prominence as a tool to address accountability and transparency demands within supply chain operations. Originally designed as a decentralized ledger for cryptocurrencies, blockchain now offers enhanced security, efficiency, and end-toend visibility-critical features for advancing Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM). Its adoption spans industries such as agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and retail, where stakeholders prioritize operational integrity and compliance. This research proposes a novel framework integrating blockchain with advanced analytics to optimize transparency, sustainability, and efficiency in supply chains. Focusing on the consumer goods sector, the study examines the synergistic potential of these technologies while addressing implementation barriers such as technical complexity and stakeholder alignment. A qualitative methodology, incorporating case studies and stakeholder interviews, explores how blockchain and data-driven systems strengthen social and environmental accountability. By triangulating insights from industry practices and regulatory standards, the framework identifies key data parameters essential for digitized supply chain governance. The findings emphasize scalable strategies to align blockchain-enabled systems with evolving sustainability goals, consumer expectations, and regulatory requirements. This approach not only enhances traceability but also equips organizations to adapt dynamically to emerging ethical and operational challenges.