Secure Energy Management and Optimization of Electric Vehicle-Integrated Renewable Energy Systems: A PID Controller Based Solution

Using multiple energy sources in an electric vehicle (EV) often ensures a safe journey without range limitations. Photovoltaic (PV), Wind, and battery energy power EVs. This study explores the energy management dynamics between a photovoltaic (PV) system and a battery-based hybrid energy storage system (HESS). optimum PID controllers using PSO technique in a HRES system are proposed in this MATLAB Simulation. The findings show that the created algorithms perform better in MATLAB simulations to input and output current, voltage, and power. Every result was obtained under various wind turbine (wind speed) and solar sun (temperature and irradiance changes) operational circumstances.