Digital Twins as Enablers of Sustainable and Resilient Industry 5.0 Infrastructure: A Review

The advent of Industry 5.0 heralds a paradigm shift toward human-centric, sustainable, and resilient industrial systems. Central to this transformation is the integration of Digital Twins (DTs), virtual replicas of physical entities that enable real-time monitoring, predictive analysis, and dynamic decision-making. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current state and future potential of DTs in facilitating sustainable and resilient infrastructure within Industry 5.0. By synthesizing insights from 60 academic papers, the study explores key applications, including smart manufacturing, urban planning, and supply chain resilience, where DTs optimize resource usage, minimize environmental impact, and enhance operational efficiency. The convergence of enabling technologies such as IoT, AI, blockchain, and edge computing is discussed, highlighting their role in overcoming challenges like data integration, high implementation costs, and cybersecurity risks. Through an in-depth analysis, this paper identifies research gaps and proposes a conceptual framework to advance the adoption of DTs in Industry 5.0, emphasizing their potential to create a sustainable, human-centered industrial future.