Antenna for Eight Frequency Reconfigurable Band for Heterogeneous Wireless Communication Systems

This paper introduces a compact, low-profile frequency-switchable antenna with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$17 \text{mm} \times 28 \text{mm} \times 1.6 \text{mm}$</tex> dimensions, offering eight selectable frequency options. The frequency diversified microstrip patch antenna is designed on a dielectric substrate made up of FR4 with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$1.6-\text{mm}$</tex> depth and relative permittivity equal to 4.4, which is easily available and cost effective. Frequency resonance in the proposed design is achieved by using 3-PIN Diodes at different positions. The geometry proposed in this work is able to operates for four different modes. Each modes provides two different operating frequency bands for different applications. The achieved resonance frequencies are for different modes are: Mode 1 (1.7 GHz and 3.2 GHz), Mode <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$2(2.1 \text{GHz}$</tex> and 3.9 GHz), Mode <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$3(2.3$</tex> GHz and 4.5 GHz), and Mode <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$4(2.7 \text{GHz}$</tex> and 5.6 GHz). The proposed antenna is naval as it is very compact and is applicable for Radio, WIMAX, Broadband, 5G, RADAR and Wireless Communication. The antenna simulation results on HFSS software demonstrate that the proposed antenna provides 8 operating frequencies with significant performance and gains exceeding 4.5 dBi makes this design novel and highly efficient for different wireless communication systems.