Evaluating Natech Risks in the Liquid Hydrogen Maritime Bunkering Infrastructure

Abstract The accelerating impacts of climate change are increasing the frequency and severity of natural hazards, intensifying risks associated with Natural Hazard-Triggered Technological Disasters (Natech). Concurrently, the global transition to low-carbon energy solution has positioned liquid hydrogen as an attractive alternative to conventional fuels, particularly for large-scale applications like maritime bunkering, due to its high energy density and minimal environmental footprint. However, liquid hydrogen bunkering facilities in coastal regions vulnerable to extreme weather events face significant Natech risks. Addressing these risks is essential for building resilient infrastructure and enhancing disaster preparedness. This study explores the application of inherent safety principles to investigate how the early integration of Natech considerations can improve the safety and resilience of the liquid hydrogen bunkering infrastructure. The findings aim to support stakeholders in implementing effective risk management strategies, fostering the safe and sustainable adoption of hydrogen use in maritime transport.