Laboratory Simulation and Monitoring Analysis of Wind Characteristics of Atmospheric Vortices on Water Surfaces

Abstract When atmospheric vortices such as hurricanes or tornadoes move on the water surface, they can cause water surface eddies. Their destructive power will affect the entire environment occupied by the atmospheric vortices and water surface eddies, including the covered rivers, lakes, oceans, etc. The activity of atmospheric vortices is an important forecasting item that provides an estimate of the severity of vortices. Wind force or wind stress of vortices is a direct factor causing damage, but which is not a monitoring element in meteorology and marine meteorology, and therefore it cannot be predicted. The purpose of this study is to establish a corresponding probability relationship between wind speed and wind stress, in order to provide a predictable basis for the strength of vortex destruction capability. Through physical experiments, atmospheric cyclones and anticyclones, as well as water surface eddies induced by the atmospheric vortices, were simulated. The focus was on exploring wind structure in cyclones and anticyclones, comparing the wind speed with wind stress in the two types of vortices, and the relationship between wind stress and wind speed in vortices. The results showed that the wind speed magnitude and the wind acceleration changes have the direct impacts on the strength of wind stress of vortices. Anti-cyclonic water eddies is stronger than cyclonic water eddies under the same design experimental parameters as the droving wind speed at lower part of anticyclone is stronger. The jet areas mainly locate at the top edges of vortices, the cyclonic jets are stronger than anti-cyclonic jets; the center parts of vortices are weak wind areas with the random intermittency vertical motion, combined with vertical movement of the edges, maintained the secondary circulation within the vortices.