Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Float Shape Effects on the Performance of a Model of the M4 Wave Energy Converter

Abstract This study examines the impact of two different float shapes on offshore wave energy converters (WECs) across varying wave conditions using numerical analysis. The research examines the impact of float shape on the hydrodynamic performance and power absorption of point absorbers, with an emphasis on enhancing WEC efficiency. These insights are then applied to the M4 wave energy converter with the aim of enhancing the efficiency as an attenuator. For numerical modeling, ANSYS AQWA was used to develop a novel float shape—an axisymmetric cone (CH)—designed to match the natural frequency and mass of a conventional hemispherical bottom (HB) float for the M4 device. A model of one configuration of the M4 device was investigated using boundary element methods (BEM) in ANSYS AQWA to assess how different aft float geometries impact power absorption. The results highlight the significant influence of float shape on hydrodynamic parameters, particularly underscoring the role of radiation damping in optimizing power capture. This study illustrates the potential of tailored float designs to enhance WEC performance across diverse wave conditions, offering valuable insights to advance WEC technology.