Phase-dependent differential expression of some microRNAs and cytokines in immune thrombocytopenic adult Egyptian patients

Background MicroRNA (miRNA) is a small, noncoding RNA molecule that controls gene expression and cellular processes, including immune and autoimmune diseases. Recent discoveries highlight the role of miRNAs in immune system regulation, with interleukin (IL)17 and IL2 playing critical roles in autoimmune development and immune regulatory effects. Patients and methods Our study included patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) (acute, chronic, and persistent) and healthy controls. miRNA-1275 and miRNA-3162-3P were assessed by real time PCR and IL2, and IL17 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits in all studied groups. Results Compared to the normal healthy control group, miR-1275 was upregulated, and miR-3162-3p was downregulated in the chronic and persistent ITP groups but upregulated in both miR-1275 and miR-3162-3p in the newly diagnosed ITP group. miR-1275 was downregulated in the acute ITP group compared to the chronic and persistent ITP groups. miR-3162-3p was downregulated in the persistent ITP group compared to that in the acute and chronic ITP groups. Conclusion MiRNAs could be helpful diagnostic targets for ITP by regulating the immune system. Two top-ranking miRNAs (miR-1275 and miR-3162-3p) showed predictive value. IL2 and IL17 are critical in ITP pathogenesis. In the future, we need to have a better insight into miRNAs and how they regulate the immune system in ITP patients.