An Analysis of Geospatial Patterns and Diarrhoeal Prevalence in Children Under Five: A Case Study of Matungulu and Mavoko Sub-Counties, Kenya

Despite ongoing advancements in prevention efforts, diarrhoea remains a critical public health challenge, particularly threatening the health of infants and young children. The rising prevalence of childhood diarrhoea, especially in developing nations, has emerged as a pressing concern within public health discourse. This study examined both the prevalence and spatial distribution of diarrhoea-related illness among children under the age of five, with the goal of enhancing the monitoring and implementation of effective intervention programs. Data were collected from 398 mothers or caregivers of children under five years through a structured survey. The prevalence rate was determined by dividing the number of reported diarrhoea cases by the total number of children in the sampled households. To analyse spatial distribution patterns, the study employed spatial statistical techniques, including Moran’s I and Getis-Ord Gi*. Findings indicated a high two-week prevalence rate of childhood diarrhoea, affecting 34% of children under five in Mavoko and Matungulu Sub-Counties. Mavoko reported a higher rate at 37%, compared to 27% in Matungulu. Hotspot analysis using Moran’s I and Getis-Ord Gi* identified the western parts of Mavoko, specifically Athi River, Mlolongo, and sections of Katani and Kinanie, as areas with significantly high diarrhoea prevalence. These spatial insights highlight the need for geographically targeted interventions. The study recommends prioritising high-prevalence hotspots through improved access to safe water, expansion of sewerage systems, enhanced waste management, and strengthened hygiene promotion programs. Such targeted measures, combined with sustained surveillance and community engagement, could significantly reduce disease burden and improve child health outcomes within and beyond the study area