Revised QCD effects on the Z $$\rightarrow \,b\overline{b}$$ forward–backward asymmetry in $$e^+e^-$$ collisions
Abstract The forward–backward (FB) asymmetry of b quarks in $$e^+e^-$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> collisions at the Z pole measured at LEP, $$A_{_{\textsc {fb}}}^{0,b}= 0.0992\pm 0.0016$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mstyle> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> </mml:mstyle> <mml:mrow/> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.0992</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.0016</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , remains today one of the electroweak precision observables with the largest disagreement (2.4 $$\sigma $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> </mml:math> ) with respect to the Standard Model prediction, $$(A_{_{\textsc {fb}}}^{0,b})_{_\textrm{th}} = 0.1030 \pm 0.0002$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mstyle> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> </mml:mstyle> <mml:mrow/> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mtext>th</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow/> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> </mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.1030</mml:mn> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.0002</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Beyond the dominant statistical uncertainties, QCD effects, such as b -quark showering and hadronization, are the leading sources of $$A_{_{\textsc {fb}}}^{0,b}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mstyle> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> </mml:mstyle> <mml:mrow/> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> systematic uncertainty, and have not been revised in the last twenty years. We reassess the QCD uncertainties of the eight original $$A_{_{\textsc {fb}}}^{0,b}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mmultiscripts> <mml:mrow/> <mml:mstyle> <mml:mi>F</mml:mi> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> </mml:mstyle> <mml:mrow/> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mmultiscripts> </mml:math> LEP measurements, using modern parton shower pythia 8 and vincia simulations with nine different implementations of soft and collinear radiation as well as of parton fragmentation. Our analysis, combined with NNLO massive b -quark corrections independently computed, indicates total propagated QCD uncertainties of $$\sim $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> </mml:math> 0.7% and $$\sim $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> </mml:math> 0.3% for the lepton- and jet-charge analyses, respectively, that are about a factor of two smaller than those of the original LEP results. Accounting for such updated QCD effects leads to a new $$A_{_{\textsc {fb}}}^{0,b}= 0.0995\pm 0.0016$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow>
Authors
- Cynthia Yan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-6393)
- D. d’Enterria (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5754-4303)
Institutions
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CH)
- Stanford University (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The European Physical Journal A
- Published
- 2025-08-14
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01656-9
- Primary Topic
- Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- CERN