Resolve instrument onboard XRISM: design, integration, and instrument test results
The Resolve instrument onboard the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) consists of an array of 6×6 silicon-thermistor microcalorimeters cooled down to 50 mK and a high-throughput X-ray mirror assembly (XMA) with a focal length of 5.6 m. XRISM is a recovery mission of ASTRO-H/Hitomi, and the Resolve instrument is a rebuild of the ASTRO-H Soft X-ray spectrometer (SXS) and the Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) that achieved energy resolution of ∼5 eV FWHM on orbit, with several important changes based on lessons learned from ASTRO-H. The flight models of the Dewar and the electronics boxes were fabricated, and the instrument test and calibration were conducted in 2021. By tuning the cryocooler frequencies, energy resolution better than 4.9 eV FWHM at 6 keV was demonstrated for all 36 pixels and high-resolution grade events, as well as energy-scale accuracy better than 2 eV up to 30 keV. The immunity of the detectors to microvibration, electrical conduction, and radiation was evaluated. The instrument was delivered to the spacecraft system in April 2022. The XMA was tested and calibrated separately. Its angular resolution is 1.27′, and the effective area of the mirror itself is 570 cm2 at 1 keV and 424 cm2 at 6 keV. We report the design and the major changes from the ASTRO-H SXS, the integration, and the results of the instrument test.
Authors
- Jesus C. Balleza
- Yoh Takei (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2517-3904)
- Thomas G. Bialas
- Hirofumi Noda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6020-517X)
- R. F. Shipman
- Yang Soong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1367-4229)
- Leslie S. Hartz
- Ryuichi Fujimoto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2374-7073)
- Gary A. Sneiderman
- Andrew E. Szymkowiak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4974-687X)
- Richard Szymkiewicz
- Megan E. Eckart (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3894-5889)
- S. Paltani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8108-9179)
- Renata Cumbee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9894-295X)
- Stephen Wasserzug
- Susumu Yasuda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2905-3291)
- Steven J. Kenyon
- Gregory V. Brown (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6338-9445)
- Rob Wolfs
- Masahiro Tsujimoto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9184-5556)
- Yoshitomo Maeda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9099-5755)
- R. Hayakawa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3752-0048)
- D. McCammon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5170-4567)
- Kosuke Sato (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1429-9990)
- Maurice A. Leutenegger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3331-7595)
- Takashi Okajima (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-3432)
- Martin Grim
- F. S. Porter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6374-1119)
- Natalie Hell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3057-1536)
- Takayuki Hayashi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4884-3600)
- Kim R. Barnstable
- C. P. de Vries (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4048-587X)
- Timothy M. Carnahan
- Misaki Mizumoto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2161-0361)
- Yoshitaka Ishisaki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0163-7217)
- Rozenn Boissay-Malaquin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2704-599X)
- Brian J. Comber
- Shunji Kitamoto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-7983)
- Peter Shirron (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6795-822X)
- Toshiki Sato (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9267-1693)
- E. Costantini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8470-749X)
- Yuusuke Uchida (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7962-4136)
- Caroline A. Kilbourne (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9464-4103)
- M. C. Witthoeft (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6237-7776)
- Keisuke Shinozaki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9613-2387)
- Atsushi Okamoto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2725-9189)
- Shinya Yamada (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2657-3494)
- Kumi Ishikawa
- Johannes Dercksen
- Michael DiPirro
- Hisamitsu Awaki
- Richard L. Kelley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2283-3336)
- Meng P. Chiao
- Yuichiro Ezoe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9232-3717)
- Makoto Sawada
- Mark O. Kimball
- Keisuke Tamura (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6677-3917)
- M. Ishida
- Yuto Ichinohe
- Steven M. Graham
- Joseph J. Miko
- Carlo Ferrigno
- Akio Hoshino
- Nathalie Gorter
- Jan‐Willem den Herder
- Edgar R. Canavan
- Bryan L. James
Institutions
- University of Geneva (CH)
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (US)
- Goddard Space Flight Center (US)
- Rikkyo University (JP)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (JP)
- Tokyo University of Science (JP)
- Meiji University (JP)
- Kyoto Sangyo University (JP)
- Tohoku University (JP)
- University of Teacher Education Fukuoka (JP)
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JP)
- Yale Cancer Center (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (JP)
- RIKEN Nishina Center (JP)
- Ehime University (JP)
- Space Research Organisation Netherlands (NL)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Tokyo Metropolitan University (JP)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Journal of Astronomical Telescopes Instruments and Systems
- Published
- 2025-08-14
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jatis.11.4.042023
- Citations
- 7
- Primary Topic
- Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 9.34
Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Rikkyo University
- Fujita Health University
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Goddard Space Flight Center
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
- RIKEN
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory