Disfunções oculomotoras e queixa de tontura em indivíduos com lesão cerebral traumática: uma revisão sistemática

Introduction. Traumatic brain injury can result in oculomotor and vestibular dysfunctions, impacting balance, often associated with dizziness. The detailed characterization of these deficits has not yet been consolidated. Objective. To describe characteristics of oculomotor dysfunctions and complaints of dizziness in individuals with traumatic brain injury. Method. This is a systematic review, based on PRISMA and registered in PROSPERO. The search was performed in PubMed and BVS databases. Observational studies that evaluated eye movements and dizziness in these individuals were included. Studies with animals, use of medications, samples smaller than ten participants and non-indexed publications were excluded. Results. Eleven articles were selected, seven of which were included, published between 2015 and 2024. Deficits in saccades, smooth pursuit and vestibulo-ocular reflex were identified, in addition to alterations in tests such as nystagmus, nullification of vertical and torsional alignment, Gaze Stabilization Test and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential. Some studies described a relationship between the Dizziness Handicap Inventory and a greater number of oculomotor dysfunctions. Conclusion. Individuals with traumatic brain injury, in addition to complaining of persistent dizziness, often have oculomotor dysfunctions, suggesting that the integrity of the oculomotor system is often compromised in these cases.