Piezoelectric properties of AC poled Mn-doped ternary system single crystals grown by continuous-feeding Bridgman method

Abstract We investigated single crystals (SCs) of Mn-doped Pb(In 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 –Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 –PbTiO 3 ternary system with high mechanical quality factor ( Q m ) in DC poling (DCP) and AC poling (ACP). These SCs were prepared using the Bridgman method, which is a continuous feed of raw materials capable of exhibiting excellent uniformity in composition and properties. Compared to DCP SCs, the ACP SCs exhibited a 37% improvement in piezoelectric constant ( d 33 ) of 1850 pC N −1 , an increase of 19 °C phase change temperature ( T pc ) of 125 °C, and a large Q mA obtained from resonant frequency f r of admittance curve of 750. The figure of merit (FOM)-1, calculated as d 33 multiplied by g 33 , was 74 pm 2 N −1 , and the FOM-2, calculated as FOM-1 multiplied by Q mA , was 55 750. These values are the highest ever reported for piezoelectric materials with d 33 > 1800 pC N −1 . These results are ideal for industrial devices that require high reliability and high-power operation.