Exploring sustainable approaches from coconut-based fermented cellulose polymer: Raw material diversification to value-added applications

This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the development of nata de coco through production methods, diversification of raw materials, and the advancement of value-added derivative products that support the industrial sector. The nata de coco industry remains reliant on coconut water as the primary substrate, necessitating innovations in utilizing alternative raw materials and adopting more modern production technologies to enhance efficiency and sustainability. This study applies a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis to identify trends and research gaps in the development of nata de coco. This research employs a systematic literature review method combined with bibliometric analysis to identify research trends and gaps in nata de coco development. Findings indicate that pre-fermentation of coconut water and the addition of specific compounds, such as amino acids, significantly improve the quality and productivity of nata de coco. Moreover, the use of alternative raw materials, including local fruits, red dragon fruit extract, and peanut sprout extract, has been shown to increase the thickness of nata while providing additional benefits, such as higher fiber and nutritional content and a naturally appealing color. Nata de coco derivative products have also been successfully developed for various applications, including bio-adsorbents, biocomposite films, biodegradable packaging, and forward osmosis membranes, contributing to environmentally friendly material innovations. While this research identifies considerable potential in optimizing production and diversifying raw materials, major challenges remain in fermentation stability, formulation balance, and product durability in industrial-scale applications. Therefore, future studies should focus on developing more efficient refining production technologies and further exploring raw materials that can enhance the quality of nata de coco and its applications across industries. Through continuous innovation, nata de coco can evolve into a product with high economic value while significantly contributing to environmental sustainability.