Comparative Analysis Between Traditional Optical Microscopy and X‐Ray Microtomography for Imaging Human Specimens

ABSTRACT X‐ray computed microtomography (microCT) has advanced in various fields of knowledge, reconstructing high‐quality images essential for visualizing the internal microstructures of studied samples. In medicine, the ability to discern microstructures is fundamental for the study and treatment of diseases. Unlike traditional optical microscopy, microCT is non‐invasive and preserves the integrity of the sample, providing information about its internal composition. This study seeks to highlight the advantages and limitations of X‐ray microCT as a tool for analyzing ex vivo human specimens, comparing its performance with that of traditional optical microscopy. Gynecological specimens collected from patients undergoing surgery for non‐malignant conditions were immersed in an iodine solution (10%) combined with formaldehyde (10%) for 72 h. The specimens were analyzed using X‐ray microtomography—Phoenix V|Tome|x M/Waygate Technologies. After image acquisition, the specimens were reimmersed in formalin and analyzed using traditional optical microscopy. The X‐ray microCT technique provided high‐resolution images of human specimens, preserving the microarchitectural characteristics of tissues and their relationships, as well as expanding the field of view. Conversely, friction during the preparation of slides for traditional microscopy caused fractures, folds, and displacement of structures, especially in denser and more rigid human organ specimens, which were not observed in microCT images.