Cloud Technology in Modren Libraries: Innovations, Challenges, and Socio-technical Transformation

The integration of cloud computing into library sciences has catalyzed a paradigm shift in how libraries manage, preserve, and disseminate knowledge. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of cloud-based library systems through a socio-technical lens, combining empirical data from 150 studies (2018–2023) with theoretical frameworks like the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and FAIR principles. Key findings include a 45% improvement in global resource accessibility and a 30% reduction in operational costs through hybrid cloud architectures. However, challenges such as data sovereignty (reported by 32% of institutions) and algorithmic bias in AI-driven tools persist. A novel framework for ethical, interoperable cloud libraries is proposed, validated by case studies from the Library of Congress and Europeana. Policy recommendations emphasize universal broadband access and quantum-safe encryption.