Maximum age of bighead carp <scp> <i>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis</i> </scp> exceeds 30 years: Implications for anticipating invasive species establishment and impacts

Invasive bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis have spread throughout the Mississippi River basin, negatively impacting ecosystems. We used a remnant population (32 years after stocking) to better understand H. nobilis. We observed high annual survival (>95%), but growth was relatively slow. Lapilli otolith sections were reliable aging structures but underestimated H. nobilis age by ~10%. Dorsal-fin rays and postcleithra also showed some promise for age interpretation. This study provides information about exceptionally old H. nobilis, with unique survival, growth and habitat conditions that could further inform invasion models.