Impact of Acne Vulgaris on Quality of Life, Self-Esteem, and Psychological Well-being Among Adolescents: A Comprehensive Review

ABSTRACT Background: Acne vulgaris, one of the prevalent disease in adolescent in many countries worldwide, which has impacts not only on skin but also extends to mental health, self- image, daily functioning and many more [1,2,4]. Knowing its rate, emotional effect, and risk factors will help to formulate comprehensive care delivered in a patient-cantered way [1,6]. Objective: This study attempted to review systematically the current researches on prevalence of common acne vulgaris in adolescents, its effect on their quality of life, self- esteem and psychological well-being and to identify some major factors leading to prevalence in general. Methods: The review involved 10 cross-sectional studies, published in 2016 to 2023, in countries and territories ranging between Nigeria, Greece, Switzerland, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, India, Bangladesh, and multinational. Together, all these studies comprised of 5,221 teenagers aged between10-21 years. Results: Various investigations determined that acne in adolescents are rather widespread, with results considerably varying between approximately 19% and 65%; based on where the research took place or how it was calculated. Many teens (64-86%) indicated that acne significantly influenced everyday life. Approximately 4 out of 10 teens who had acne, also reported depression, anxiety, fear, anger, or worry particularly when they had more severe acne. Girls had a higher probability of acne and appeared to feel much more emotional about it. It was more likely to aggravate those students aged between 15 and 19, the students who had attended private schools, and students in families that had a history of acne. Conclusion: It is common to find that acne vulgaris among adolescents and leads to poor quality of life and emotional distress. It is high time to recognize that proper management of acne needs to have a comprehensive character, since both skin manifestations and psychological issues must be taken care.