Shrinking without doing much at all
In 1952 Bing astonished the mathematical world with his wild involution on S 3 .It has been among the most seminal examples in topology.The example depends on finding shrinking homeomorphisms of Bing's decomposition of S 3 into points and arcs.If Bing's original homeomorphisms are varied, Bing's original wild involution changes by conjugation, which preserves some analytic properties while altering others.In 1988, Bing published a second paper, Shrinking without lengthening, answering a question that one of the present authors posed to him in an effort to understand the geometry of the entire conjugacy class.Here we produce a counterintuitive construction, namely a method to shrink the Bing decomposition doing almost nothing at all: neither lengthening much nor rotating much.
Authors
- Michael Starbird
- Michael Hartley Freedman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8664-3485)
Institutions
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Algebraic & Geometric Topology
- Published
- 2025-08-11
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.2140/agt.2025.25.2099
- Primary Topic
- Geological formations and processes
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00