Engineering Resilience in Fragile Ecosystems: Technological and Geological Strategies to Mitigate Himalayan Disasters

The Himalayan region, particularly Uttarakhand, faces recurrent ecological disasters due to unregulated construction, tourism-driven urbanization, and climate change. This paper examines engineering interventions—such as slope stabilization, eco-sensitive drainage systems, and geosynthetic reinforcements—to reduce landslide risks. Case studies from the Char Dham project and Kedarnath floods highlight the consequences of poor planning. The study proposes AI-based terrain modeling, debris flow sensors, and bioengineering solutions (vegetated gabions, soil nailing) to enhance resilience. Global comparisons with the Alps and Andes offer scalable strategies for sustainable development in fragile ecosystems Detailed Description: This research examines the intersection of engineering innovation and geological risk assessment to address Uttarakhand’s recurring ecological disasters (landslides, GLOFs, cloudbursts). It critiques unchecked tourism-driven development (e.g., Char Dham Project) and proposes: Engineering solutions: AI-based terrain modeling, vegetated gabions, and debris flow sensors. Geological tools: InSAR for fault monitoring, glacial lake outburst prediction. Policy integration: Lessons from Swiss Alps (avalanche barriers) and Bhutan’s eco-tourism policies.The study bridges civil engineering, geomorphology, and climate science, offering scalable strategies for global mountain ecosystems.