3D Printed Galilean Telescope for Low-Vision Patients

Low vision is a condition in which a person experiences a significant loss of visual acuity or visual field that ordinary glasses, surgery, or medication cannot correct. Individuals suffering from this condition struggle to perform daily tasks, even when using glasses or contact lenses. In some cases, telescopes are recommended for patients with low vision diagnosis because they could help them improve their quality of life. Therefore, we propose a 3D-printed Galilean telescope for low-vision patients, accessible to both the vulnerable and nonvulnerable sectors of the population, with the advantages that the fabrication time, cost, and weight are considerably reduced. The performance of the 3D-printed Galilean telescope was evaluated by comparing it to an identical N-BK7 glass Galilean telescope design, obtaining a difference of 0.49 lp/mm in optical resolution. Clinical results from a patient with low vision, obtained as part of a proof-of-concept study, showed that the 3D-printed Galilean telescope improved the patient’s visual acuity, increasing it by up to 4 lines on the LEA numbers, from 10/80 to 10/32. Additionally, the 3D telescope enhanced the patient’s contrast sensitivity, improving it from 6 cpd (cycles per degree) level 8 to 18 cpd level 4.

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Publication Details

Journal
Photonics
Published
2025-08-15
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12080815
Primary Topic
Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

3D Printed Galilean Telescope for Low-Vision Patients

Rafael Izazaga-Pérez, M. I. Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Daniel Aguirre-Aguirre, Brenda Villalobos-Mendoza et al.
Photonics
Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
article

3D Printed Galilean Telescope for Low-Vision Patients

Rafael Izazaga-Pérez, M. I. Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Daniel Aguirre-Aguirre, Brenda Villalobos-Mendoza, Rufino Díaz-Uribe, Itzel Muñoz-Juárez, Ruth Eva Hernández-Carbajal
article en

Abstract

Low vision is a condition in which a person experiences a significant loss of visual acuity or visual field that ordinary glasses, surgery, or medication cannot correct. Individuals suffering from this condition struggle to perform daily tasks, even when using glasses or contact lenses. In some cases, telescopes are recommended for patients with low vision diagnosis because they could help them improve their quality of life. Therefore, we propose a 3D-printed Galilean telescope for low-vision patients, accessible to both the vulnerable and nonvulnerable sectors of the population, with the advantages that the fabrication time, cost, and weight are considerably reduced. The performance of the 3D-printed Galilean telescope was evaluated by comparing it to an identical N-BK7 glass Galilean telescope design, obtaining a difference of 0.49 lp/mm in optical resolution. Clinical results from a patient with low vision, obtained as part of a proof-of-concept study, showed that the 3D-printed Galilean telescope improved the patient’s visual acuity, increasing it by up to 4 lines on the LEA numbers, from 10/80 to 10/32. Additionally, the 3D telescope enhanced the patient’s contrast sensitivity, improving it from 6 cpd (cycles per degree) level 8 to 18 cpd level 4.

PhotonicsVol. 12(8)
Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala (MX), National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (MX), University of Monterrey (MX), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MX)
Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Openalex Percentile: Top 70%
Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
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3D Printed Galilean Telescope for Low-Vision Patients — Rafael Izazaga-Pérez, M. I. Rodríguez-Rodríguez, et al. · Photonics (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS