Evaluación de Fonoaudiología y Terapia Ocupacional en Niños entre los 0 y 7 Años con Síndrome de Intestino Corto

Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) is a condition that profoundly impacts the quality of life of those affected. It represents a significant disruption of the essential systems for nutrient absorption, creating a severe imbalance that threatens the patient’s survival. These circumstances pose a challenge for the medical personnel involved in the care of patients with SBS, who must not only ensure the maintenance of the nutritional and energy balance necessary for survival, but also address the medical and rehabilitative consequences of such interventions. However, standard hospital care often overlooks key aspects of the patient’s recovery, such as support for the development, rehabilitation, or habilitation of oromotor, sensory, or emotional skills involved in oral feeding; the patient’s relationship with the feeding process in terms of routines and interactions with food; and the impact on social interactions and overall quality of life. This research has a qualitative nature and employs a documentary review methodology to explore the evaluation of pediatric patients with SBS from the perspectives of speech-language pathology and occupational therapy. A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, focusing on content related to SBS, nutritional interventions in SBS, and the roles of speech-language pathologists and occupational therapists in the early diagnosis of underlying difficulties affecting the quality of life in SBS patients. The results of this process show that speech-language pathologists and occupational therapists must be essential members of the comprehensive care team for pediatric SBS patients, especially in areas related to food intake; the transition from enteral or parenteral nutrition to oral feeding; and the promotion of a healthy relationship with food through sensory stimulation and attention to social interactions around feeding routines.