Hybrid Energy Storage Systems Combining Ultracapacitors and Batteries for Induction Motor Electric Vehicle Control

The electrification of transportation has spurred the development of advanced energy storage systems to meet the dynamic demands of electric vehicles (EVs). Batteries alone often fall short in handling peak load currents and regenerative energy, leading to reduced lifespan and performance degradation. This study proposes a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) combining ultracapacitors (UCs) and lithium-ion batteries to improve efficiency and reliability in induction motor (IM)-driven EVs. A real-time energy management system (EMS) based on rule-based logic dynamically allocates power between UCs and batteries. The model is validated through MATLAB/Simulink simulations and experimental setups. The results show that the HESS configuration significantly enhances battery longevity, improves vehicle acceleration, and reduces energy losses compared to battery-only systems.