Estimation of paraoxonase-1 and dipeptidyl peptidase in Iraqi prostatic cancer with hormones and chemotherapy drugs: a cross-sectional study

Prostate cancer is a frequent masculine disease, especially when becoming older. Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) is an enzyme present in the human body that plays an important function in preventing oxidative stress and inflammation. It is mostly linked to high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is an enzyme regulating blood sugar levels. It is found on many cells surfaces: immune cells, epithelial cells, and pancreatic cells. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the biochemical role of PON-1 effect and DPP-4 enzymes with the anti-cancer ability of vitamin D. Research samples were collected from Iraqi prostate cancer patients (male aged 45-80 years) diagnosed after receiving chemotherapy (30 samples G2), and hormonal treatment (30 samples G3), compared to the healthy control (G1). ELISA technology was used to estimate serum levels of the enzymes with vitamin D. The results recorded an increase in PON-1 levels for G2 (115.33±15.92) (p-value0.05), compared to the G1 (61.99±9.82). There was an increase in the effectiveness of the DPP-4 enzyme for patients after chemotherapy and hormonal treatment (22.79±2.12) (p-value