ALLERGIC SENSITIZATION TO SESAME IN ALBANIA: PREVALENCE AND THE ROLE OF IGE CROSS-REACTIVITY AND CCDS

Introduction: Sesame is a relatively new food product in the Albanian diet.In recent years, it has increasingly been used mainly for decorative purposes in dishes, pastries, and bread, primarily in its unprocessed form.Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the level of sesame sensitization among the Albanian population, taking into consideration age groups, gender, and other potential contributing factors.Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study conducted in Tirana, Albania, from July 2023 to July 2024.A total of 682 individuals aged 0 to 86 years were included.All participants were tested for specific food IgE antibodies at the Genius Laboratory.The test panel included sesame and other common food allergens.Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.Results: Based on laboratory testing of specific IgE, the prevalence of sesame sensitization was 13.2% (n=90).However, strong immune responses (IgE classes 5 and 6) were rare, observed in only 0.2% (n=2) of participants, predominantly among males.Sensitization cases were more frequently recorded during the summer season.Statistically significant associations were observed between sesame and other grains and food allergens (p < 0.01), indicating possible cross-reactivity or co-sensitization.This finding was supported by a positive Spearman correlation between sesame-specific IgE and CCD (Cross-Reactive Carbohydrate Determinants), with a statistically significant correlation ( = 0.335, p = 0.000).Conclusion: This study suggests that although severe allergic reactions to sesame are rare in Albania, sensitization is present and associated with factors such as age, gender, and crossreactivity with other allergens.The assessment of CCD levels plays a critical role in the differential diagnosis between true allergic reactions and isolated sensitization.These findings highlight the need for clear diagnostic protocols and increased awareness among healthcare and educational institutions.