Design and synthesis of magnetic chitosan-supported gold nanoparticles for the treatment of heart failure following myocardial infarction

The development and formulation of innovative therapeutic supplements and medications with high efficacy for treating severe cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is a priority for both developing and developed nations. This study details the sustainable synthesis of magnetic chitosan decorated with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), accompanied by an in-depth analysis of its properties in the treatment of heart failure following myocardial infarction for the first time. The magnetic chitosan biopolymers were engineered to function as an environmentally friendly capping agent, effectively binding to and stabilizing gold ions, which were reduced using green tea extract. To evaluate and characterize the physicochemical properties of the synthesized CS-Fe 3 O 4 /Au NPs, various analytical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were employed. The nanoparticles (NPs) are uniformly sized and nearly spherical, with sizes ranging from 20 to 40 nm. Saturation magnetization (M s ) values of 60.2 and 24.9 emu/g were found in the VSM analysis of Fe 3 O 4 and CS-Fe 3 O 4 /Au NPs nanocomposites, respectively. The cardiac function was determined by electrocardiogram (ECG) readings, along with histochemical and biochemical analyses after inducing myocardial infarction using isoproterenol in C57BL/6 mice. The CS-Fe 3 O 4 /Au NPs administration markedly reduced characteristic ST segment depression, enhanced the ventricular wall infarction condition, suppressed myocardial injury markers levels, reduced mortality rates, and diminished the inflammatory environment in the hearts, effectively inhibiting the proinflammatory cytokines enhancement as compared to that observed in mice with myocardial infarction. One possible explanation for the beneficial effects of CS-Fe 3 O 4 /Au NPs is the normalization of Pparγ gene expression and the phosphorylation pathways involving PPAR-Υ/NF-κB/ΙκB-α/ΙKΚα/β. CS-Fe 3 O 4 /Au NPs demonstrated cardioprotective properties against myocardial infarction. Our research collectively demonstrates a current remedial approach for the clinical management of myocardial infarction.