Exploring a Porous Biochar-Based Capacitive Deionization Device for Phosphogypsum Wastewater Treatment in Undergraduate Experimental Teaching: Understanding, Development, and Practice

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a crucial technique for industries managing liquid chemical waste, requiring efficient electrode materials to ensure optimal performance. This study presents a novel undergraduate experimental teaching framework that integrates the understanding, development, and practical application of porous biochar-based CDI systems. Designed to support both students and educators, the curriculum guides learners through the synthesis of biochar electrodes via biomass pyrolysis and the assembly of CDI devices for treating phosphogypsum wastewater. Through material characterization and electrochemical analysis, students gain hands-on experience in electrode fabrication and CDI operation. The program concludes with student evaluations to assess the comprehension and skill development. By bridging materials science and chemical engineering, this interdisciplinary approach offers undergraduate students a comprehensive opportunity to translate their theoretical knowledge into practical solutions for sustainable wastewater treatment.