REVIEW OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH INVESTIGATIONS AND THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF SMALL VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINES

This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the working principles of wind turbines, with a specific focus on experimental research studies for Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs). Wind turbines are essential in harnessing renewable energy, and understanding their operational mechanisms is crucial for optimizing efficiency and performance. The paper outlines the basic working principles of both Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs) and VAWTs, with a deeper exploration of the latter due to its unique advantages in urban and low-wind conditions used in agriculture. The review critically examines recent experimental research on VAWTs, including various design modifications, aerodynamic performance studies, and energy efficiency improvements. Key parameters such as blade shape, turbine configuration, and site-specific factors are discussed, drawing on findings from experimental setups in laboratory and field conditions. The paper also highlights challenges in scaling VAWTs, including structural integrity, noise reduction, and cost-efficiency. Future trends and advancements in VAWT technology are considered, aiming to enhance their viability as a competitive solution for renewable energy generation in households, companies and agricultural farms. Cost-effectiveness, noise reduction, and structural durability remain significant barriers to the widespread adoption of VAWTs, despite promising advancements. This underscores the need for additional research into scalable designs, advanced materials, and optimal configurations for a variety of environmental conditions.