Dynamics of a COVID-19 model with comorbidity: Fractional order approaches

The COVID-19 virus, along with its related health conditions, has been the primary cause of numerous fatalities worldwide throughout the pandemic. Individuals who have pre-existing medical issues are more susceptible to experiencing severe illness and encountering complications if they contract the COVID-19 virus. This paper presents a mathematical model that uses Caputo fractional derivative to analyze the influence of comorbidity disorders on the transmission of COVID-19. Our contribution includes stability and sensitivity analysis, along with the generation of bifurcation diagrams. Our investigation demonstrated that the concurrent rise in comorbidity development and the fractional-order derivative component ([Formula: see text]) leads to a simultaneous increase in both the severity of the infection and the transmission of the disease. The results will aid the government, medical professionals, and policymakers in comprehending the dynamics of the disease and taking appropriate action.