Relationship of cranial deformation with nasal obstruction and middle ear function in babies: cross-sectional study

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to analyse the relationship between cranial deformations (CD), nasal obstruction, and middle ear function in infants up to 12 months of age. Methods A cross-sectional analytical observational study was conducted with a sample of 10 babies (3 females, 7 males) aged between 1 and 7 months. ​ The study utilized quantitative and qualitative methodologies, including the Pediatric Respiratory Severity Scale, tympanometry, and cranial anthropometry using a craniometer. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics 28, with a 95% confidence interval. Results Of the 10 participants, 70% had cranial asymmetry index (CAI) alterations, and 60% had cephalic ratio (CR) alterations. ​ Nasal obstruction was observed in 60% of the babies. ​ A significant linear relationship was found between CAI and ear canal volume bilaterally, and between CAI and right ear compliance. ​ Additionally, a significant relationship was observed between CR and ear canal volume. ​ However, no statistically significant relationship was found between CD and nasal obstruction or middle ear pressure values. Conclusion The study found no direct relationship between cranial deformities and nasal obstruction, although a tendency for nasal obstruction in babies with plagiocephaly and brachycephaly was noted. ​ An increase in CAI was associated with a decrease in ear canal volume and right middle ear compliance, while an increase in CR was related to an increase in ear canal volume. ​ These findings suggest that cranial deformities may impact middle ear function and structure, highlighting the importance of early referral to ENT specialists for infants with CD.