Relationship between maternal ABO blood group types and occurrence of selected pregnancy complications

Background ABO blood group system is considered a potential determinant of pregnancy-related complications due to its influence on coagulation pathways and inflammatory responses. Although global research has explored associations between blood types and pregnancy complications, findings remain inconsistent, especially in the Egyptian context. Aim This study aimed to assess the relationship between maternal ABO blood group types and occurrence of selected pregnancy complications. Design A descriptive correlational research design was adopted. Sample A convenience sample of 124 pregnant women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, or antepartum hemorrhage (APH) were recruited from the inpatient high-risk unit at Al-Galaa Teaching Hospital. Setting The study was conducted at Al-Galaa Teaching Hospital, which is affiliated with the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo. Tools Data was collected using two tools: (a) Structured Interviewing Questionnaire and (b) Maternal Blood Group Types Assessment Tool. Results The findings revealed that blood group A+ was significantly associated with pre-eclampsia (80.6%, P <0.001), while blood group O+ showed a significant association with APH (35.4%, P <0.05). No significant relationship was found between ABO blood group types and gestational diabetes mellitus. Conclusion The study concluded that certain ABO blood group types, particularly A+ and O+, may predispose pregnant women to specific complications such as pre-eclampsia and APH. Recommendation Consideration of maternal ABO blood types during antenatal risk assessments is recommended to support early detection and intervention for pregnancy-related complications.